Vietnamese agriculture today is standing at a crucial turning point. The successes of the past, no matter how remarkable, cannot guarantee a sustainable future. In order to reach the world stage and address a series of new challenges such as climate change, market fluctuations, and shifting consumer demand, the sector needs a strategic vision that is both comprehensive and forward-looking.
By decoding the acronym N.O.N.G.N.G.H.I.E.P. into ten core values including Natural-based; Organic, Safe and Nutritious; New Technologies; Global Integration; Niche Markets; Government Support; High-tech Farming; Innovation; Emission Lower; People-centric, this article sketches out a comprehensive roadmap for development. It ranges from harnessing natural advantages and applying technology, to expanding markets and placing people at the center. Embracing and acting upon these values is not only a solution to improve productivity and quality, but also a prerequisite for building a modern agriculture capable of competing sustainably on the international stage.
Core Values and Strategic Vision
In recent years, Vietnam’s agriculture has achieved remarkable accomplishments. The sector has not only played a pivotal role in ensuring national food security but has also reached out to the world, attaining impressive export figures and improving the livelihoods of millions of people. Yet, behind these achievements lies a sector that remains vulnerable—highly exposed to the impacts of climate change, global market fluctuations, and the constantly shifting trends of consumer demand.
Below are the ten core values and strategic vision pillars that Vietnam’s agriculture must embrace in the digital era:
(1) N – Natural-based: Vietnamese agriculture holds a significant advantage thanks to its rich and diverse natural conditions.
As the sector seeks to expand globally, one of its most crucial competitive edges lies in being natural-based. With its unique geography and climate, Vietnam not only has the capacity to produce agricultural commodities but also to shape a sustainable and high-quality agricultural model.
The foremost advantage comes from fertile soils and a tropical monsoon climate. This abundance enables the country to diversify crops and livestock. From the lush rice fields of the Red River and Mekong deltas, to industrial crop plantations such as coffee and rubber in the Central Highlands, as well as tropical fruit orchards in the South, every region boasts its own distinctive specialties. These products not only meet domestic consumption but also serve as key export commodities that contribute substantially to economic growth.
In addition, Vietnam’s dense network of rivers and canals represents another invaluable resource. This natural irrigation system provides abundant water for intensive cultivation and multiple cropping. It also underpins integrated farming models such as rice–shrimp or rice–fish systems, which deliver high economic returns while minimizing risks.
These natural advantages form a solid foundation for developing ecological and organic agriculture. Instead of relying heavily on chemical inputs, farmers can leverage existing biodiversity to produce safe, high-quality products. This sustainable approach aligns with the global shift toward green consumption.
Natural advantages are not only an initial condition but also a strategic orientation for Vietnam’s agriculture. Effective utilization of these assets will enable the sector to transition from quantity to quality, enhance product value, and build a prosperous agricultural future.
The ecological farming strategy, commonly referred to as “nature-based solutions”, is a key pathway toward sustainable development. At its core, this approach draws on natural processes such as crop rotation, intercropping, and the use of organic fertilizers to improve soil health and strengthen crop resilience. Implementing ecological farming not only secures food security but also generates long-term benefits: agricultural growth, effective climate adaptation, and environmental protection. It is both a comprehensive solution and an essential path for developing agriculture in harmony with nature.
(2) O – Organic, Safe and Nutritious: A Global Imperative for Health-Conscious Agriculture
In a world where consumers are increasingly mindful of both personal health and environmental sustainability, the agricultural trend of “Organic, Safe, and Nutritious” production has become an inevitable demand. Vietnam is actively embracing this shift, recognizing it as a key solution to elevating the global standing of its agricultural products.
This decisive transition is reflected in the widespread adoption of stringent quality standards such as VietGAP (Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices) and GlobalGAP (Global Good Agricultural Practices). These benchmarks not only guarantee that products are produced safely and with transparent traceability, but also pave the way for Vietnamese enterprises to access some of the world’s most demanding markets, including Europe, Japan, and the United States.
Nevertheless, to fully align with modern consumer expectations, Vietnamese producers are going further by enriching agricultural products with higher nutritional value. This represents an important step forward, consistent with the Government’s vision. Under Decision No. 300/QĐ-TTg issued by the Prime Minister, Vietnam has committed to building a transparent, responsible, and sustainable food system by 2030. This strategy not only reinforces food safety but also prioritizes the development of products with high nutritional content, contributing directly to improving public health.
Another sustainable solution that is being scaled up is the practice of circular agriculture. This model transforms by-products from farming into new resources, thereby reducing waste and lessening reliance on chemical fertilizers. By lowering production costs, circular models generate products that are genuinely organic, safe, and environmentally friendly while at the same time preserving and enhancing nutritional value.
Equally critical is the integration of scientific and technological advances into farming practices. Innovations such as hydroponics, aeroponics, and the use of biological or microbial fertilizers not only optimize production processes but also allow for tighter control over the factors that determine the quality and nutritional profile of crops.
Investing in farming methods that are organic, safe, and nutrient-rich is therefore more than just a response to consumer demand, it is a strategic pathway toward building trusted Vietnamese agricultural brands. When international consumers have confidence in both the quality and transparency of Vietnamese products, the market value of agricultural exports rises, bringing sustainable economic benefits to farmers and agribusinesses alike. This transition also helps Vietnam gradually move away from the perception of being an agriculture sector defined primarily by output volume, toward one that emphasizes quality, added value, and public health benefits.
Ultimately, the integration of these three pillars “Organic, Safe, and Nutritious” is the inevitable route for Vietnamese agriculture to win over high-barrier markets and secure a sustainable position on the global agricultural map.
(3) N – New Technologies: Driving Innovation in Agriculture
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is ushering in a new era for Vietnamese agriculture, where new technologies have become the key to boosting productivity and efficiency. The application of advanced technological solutions is not only helping to address long-standing challenges but also paving the way for a smarter and more sustainable agricultural sector.
One of the pioneering innovations is the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart sensors installed in fields can capture real-time data on soil moisture, temperature, light, and air quality. When analyzed using Big Data, this information provides farmers with a comprehensive picture of crop conditions, enabling precise decisions on irrigation and fertilization while avoiding waste.
Meanwhile, Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in disease management and production optimization. AI-powered systems can detect early signs of pests and diseases, forecast weather conditions, and recommend optimal crop care schedules. These capabilities reduce risks, safeguard yields, and minimize reliance on costly pesticides.
In addition, biotechnology is opening new frontiers in developing crop and livestock varieties with higher yields and greater resistance to pests, diseases, and climate change. The integration of biotechnology with digital technologies is contributing to the creation of a fully intelligent agricultural ecosystem, empowering farmers to take control of production, deliver high-quality products, and meet the increasingly stringent demands of global markets.
(4) G – Global Integration: Unlocking Opportunities through Free Trade Agreements
In today’s globalized economy, international integration has become a driving force behind the development of Vietnamese agriculture. By signing and actively participating in new-generation free trade agreements (FTAs) such as the CPTPP and EVFTA, Vietnam has opened wide the gateway for its agricultural products to reach promising international markets, creating unprecedented opportunities for growth.
However, to fully capitalize on the advantages brought by these FTAs, the agricultural sector cannot rely solely on output volume. The critical challenge lies in enhancing quality, ensuring traceability, and meeting the stringent requirements of overseas markets.
Developed markets such as Europe, Japan, and the United States demand more than food safety, they also impose strict criteria relating to environmental sustainability, labor practices, and social responsibility. To succeed in exports, farmers and enterprises must therefore shift from traditional production mindsets to modern models, applying technology to monitor and control processes from farm to table.
A practical solution is to build and expand production models that meet international certifications, while simultaneously investing in information technology to create transparency throughout the supply chain. Such measures not only strengthen consumer trust but also establish a sustainable competitive edge, transforming the opportunities offered by FTAs into real economic value for Vietnamese agriculture.
With the advantages of deep global integration through FTAs like the CPTPP and EVFTA, Vietnam’s agriculture is well positioned to expand into the world market. Yet, the key to realizing this potential lies in raising quality, complying with rigorous standards on safety, sustainability, and traceability.
To turn export potential into tangible success, enterprises and farmers must transition from traditional methods to modern, technology-driven production models. Priority should be given to developing clean raw material zones that meet international benchmarks such as GlobalGAP, while also investing in advanced processing to increase product value. These are the pivotal solutions that will enable Vietnamese agricultural products to overcome technical barriers, win over demanding markets, and transform global integration into a genuine engine of sustainable growth.
(5) N – Niche Markets: Unlocking Value through Specialization
Alongside its key export staples, the shift toward niche markets is emerging as a breakthrough strategy that enables Vietnamese agriculture to enhance value and establish a unique position in the international arena. This is an effective way to avoid direct competition while fully tapping the potential of specialized products.
Instead of relying solely on traditional crops such as rice, coffee, and pepper with fierce competition, Vietnamese agriculture can target products with higher value and less competition. Notable examples include regional specialties like Ben Tre green skin pomelo, Hung Yen longan, or exotic fruits such as red fresh dragon fruit and Ri6 durian. Building strong brands and securing geographical indication (GI) certification for these products will not only elevate their market value but also reinforce their distinctiveness.
Moreover, deep processing opens up promising niche opportunities. Rather than exporting raw produce, transforming agricultural products into essential oils, cosmetics, or functional foods can generate significantly higher profits. For instance, coconuts can be processed into coconut oil, coconut milk, or nata de coco; fruits can be turned into jams, juices, or dried snacks. This approach not only extends shelf life but also diversifies product offerings, thereby reaching multiple customer segments.
The niche market strategy provides an effective pathway to harness the multi-dimensional value of agriculture, moving beyond the limits of traditional mass production. Instead of competing on volume, it emphasizes diversification of products and services to meet the demands of premium market segments. Organic and eco-friendly produce, low-carbon products, items certified under the OCOP program (One Commune One Product), and those with GI certification are clear examples. When combined with activities such as rural tourism, this strategy helps agricultural products carry not only commercial value but also cultural and experiential value, creating sustainable income streams while raising the international profile of Vietnam’s agriculture.
Pursuing niche markets requires investment in technology, market research, and the development of sustainable value chains. Yet this path offers an effective way for Vietnamese agriculture to transform from a “quantity-driven” to a “quality-oriented” model, laying the foundation for sustainable growth and long-term prosperity.
(6) G – Government Support: The Crucial Role of the Government in Driving Agricultural Development
The sustainable development of Vietnam’s agriculture cannot be separated from the guiding role and support of the government. Government support plays a pivotal role in creating favorable conditions for the sector’s transformation from small-scale, fragmented production into a modern and efficient agricultural economy.
One of the key measures lies in financial and technological support. Preferential credit policies, agricultural development funds, and investment programs in research and high-tech applications provide farmers and enterprises with the resources they need to innovate. This includes adopting smart farming practices, utilizing high-quality crop varieties and livestock breeds, and investing in closed-loop production systems.
In addition, the government must take an active role in market facilitation and human resource development. Trade promotion initiatives, efforts to secure export markets, and the building of a national brand for Vietnamese agricultural products will ensure more stable market outlets. At the same time, training programs that equip farmers with management skills, technological know-how, and knowledge of international standards are essential to strengthening competitiveness.
Of particular strategic importance is the encouragement of investment in agricultural processing and value chain development. Rather than relying on raw product exports, investment in processing facilities can significantly increase product value, minimize risks from market fluctuations, and generate sustainable profits for farmers. Timely and well-targeted government policies will serve as a powerful lever for Vietnamese agriculture to achieve stronger and more resilient growth in the future.
(7) H – High-Tech Farming: An Inevitable Trend
In the context of global integration and climate change, the shift toward high-tech farming is no longer an option but an inevitable trend. It is a key solution for Vietnam’s agriculture to break away from traditional production methods, enhance productivity and quality, and strengthen competitiveness in the global marketplace.
One of the most common applications of high-tech farming is the use of smart greenhouses and net houses. These systems allow for tight control over environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, enabling crops to thrive regardless of external weather conditions. This is particularly vital for high-value crops that require specific care and growing conditions.
In addition, drip irrigation and automated watering systems maximize water efficiency, reduce labor costs, and deliver precise nutrients to each crop. Beyond economic benefits, these technologies also contribute to environmental protection - an urgent consideration as freshwater resources become increasingly scarce.
In the livestock sector, automated farms are gradually replacing traditional manual practices. From feeding and cooling systems to waste collection, automation optimizes operations, minimizes disease risks, and improves overall productivity.
High-tech farming, with a strong focus on precision agriculture, is revolutionizing the sector by optimizing every input. Instead of relying on experience-based production, precision agriculture employs advanced technologies such as sensors, drones, and data analytics to gather detailed insights into crops, soil, and weather conditions.
This data enables farmers to make timely and accurate decisions on fertilization, irrigation, and pest control. The application of these technologies not only increases yields and product quality but also delivers both economic and environmental benefits. By minimizing input usage, precision agriculture helps reduce costs while curbing chemical pollution, paving the way for a sustainable model of modern, efficient, and eco-friendly agriculture.
While investment in high-tech farming requires significant upfront capital, the long-term benefits are substantial. More than just a technological solution, it represents a strategic pathway for Vietnam’s agriculture to achieve sustainable development, producing high-quality products that meet the increasingly stringent demands of global markets.
(8) I – Innovation: Innovation is not confined to technology alone but also extends to business models, supply chains, and product diversification.
For Vietnamese agriculture to achieve sustainable growth and breakthroughs, innovation is not simply a complementary factor, it has become a core driver. Innovation extends beyond the application of technology, encompassing business models, organizational methods of production, supply chain management, and product diversification.
One of the most visible expressions of innovation is the rise of agricultural startups. These young enterprises are introducing fresh ideas, from farm management applications and e-commerce platforms for agricultural products to smart production solutions. They are helping to build a dynamic, modern, and efficient agricultural ecosystem.
Equally significant is the innovation in supply chain linkages and consumption models. Instead of fragmented small-scale production, cooperative models and “large-scale field” linkages between farmers and enterprises ensure consistent quality, quantity, and stable market access. This not only provides farmers with greater production security but also strengthens consumer confidence.
Another creative approach is the development of agricultural tourism. By combining farming with experiential tourism, farms and gardens are not merely selling products, but also offering stories, culture, and traditional values. This model not only increases farmers’ income but also promotes the image of Vietnamese agriculture to both domestic and international visitors.
(9) E – Emission Lower: Toward a Low-Carbon Agriculture
Low-carbon agriculture is an inevitable trend and carries strategic significance for Vietnam, one of the countries most severely affected by climate change. It represents a crucial step in fulfilling Vietnam’s international commitment to achieving Net Zero emissions by 2050.
This model is not merely about reducing pollution; it also offers an opportunity to enhance the value and global standing of Vietnamese agricultural products. “Green” products certified as low-carbon will command higher value, particularly in demanding markets such as Europe, Japan, and North America. This, in turn, enables Vietnamese produce to penetrate more deeply into global supply chains. By optimizing production processes, farmers can reduce input costs such as fertilizers and pesticides. Moreover, they can generate additional, stable, and sustainable income through the sale of carbon credits.
Nevertheless, the transition to a low-carbon model presents considerable challenges, especially for a country like Vietnam, where agriculture remains heavily dependent on wet-rice cultivation. The initial costs of investing in modern technologies and equipment are high, requiring financial support to make such solutions accessible to farmers. At the same time, a clear legal framework for the agricultural carbon market, together with concrete incentive policies, is essential to encourage both farmers and businesses to participate. Equally important is farmer training by equipping them with new cultivation techniques while raising awareness of the long-term benefits of low-carbon agriculture.
With the determination of the Government and active participation from stakeholders, developing a low-carbon agricultural sector will serve as a catalyst for building a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly agriculture, laying the foundation for sustainable growth for generations to come.
(10) P – People-Centric: Placing Farmers at the Heart of Agricultural Development
A prosperous agricultural sector cannot be measured solely by productivity or export turnover; it must also be tied to the sustainable livelihoods of the people. A people-centric approach is therefore the core solution to ensuring genuine and inclusive development.
One of the most pressing issues is ensuring fairness across the value chain. In reality, farmers often remain the weakest link and bear the greatest risks. The solution lies in building stronger partnerships between enterprises and farmers, ensuring stable and transparent purchasing prices. At the same time, supportive policies are needed to guarantee that farmers receive fair returns for their labor, thereby raising incomes and improving their quality of life.
Equally essential is the creation of better living conditions in rural areas. Investments in infrastructure, healthcare, education, and public services will help retain young workers, reduce migration to urban centers, and create new momentum for rural development.
Particularly important is enhancing farmers’ capacity as a strategic solution. Training programs and workshops must be expanded to equip farmers with access to knowledge, new technologies, and modern production methods. When farmers are empowered with scientific and technical expertise, they will be more confident in production, better able to minimize risks, and more adaptable to market fluctuations.
Placing people at the center is not merely a slogan but a call to action. When farmers are assured of sustainable livelihoods, empowered with skills, and given opportunities, they become the most powerful driving force behind the sustainable development of Vietnam’s agriculture.
Conclusion
Synthesizing the core values of N.O.N.G.N.G.H.I.E.P., the vision of a modern and prosperous Vietnamese agriculture gradually comes into focus. This is not merely a list of keywords, but a comprehensive compass, distilling strategic solutions that enable the sector to overcome challenges and seize opportunities. The harmonious combination of Vietnam’s inherent natural endowments (Natural-based) with the advancement of new technologies, high-tech farming, and innovation is the key to enhancing productivity and quality.
At the same time, for Vietnamese agricultural products to gain a strong foothold on the global stage, it is essential to build organic and safe value chains (Organic, Safe and Nutritious), while effectively tapping into export potential and niche markets through global integration.
However, no development can be truly sustainable without a people-centric approach (People-centric). Active government support in improving livelihoods and strengthening the capacity of farmers will serve as the most solid foundation. Only when farmers truly become the masters of production with their rights safeguarded and their lives improved, can Vietnamese agriculture achieve sustainable growth, transforming theoretical values into tangible realities. In doing so, agriculture will stand not only as a pillar of food security, but also as a powerful driver of national economic development.
(Excerpt from the book “Vietnam: Aspiration to Rise” by journalist Vuong Xuan Nguyen)
